English

Noun

rages

1. Plural of rage

French

Noun

rages

1. Plural of rage

See Rayshahr for the Sassanid center of learning in Fars province.

Ray, also spelled Rey, Rayy, Rhages or Rages (ری in Persian; Rhagae in Greek) is the most historic city in the province of Tehran, Iran.

History and culture

The city is estimated to be more than five thousand years old, and was built during the Median Empire. It was known in Classical times as Rhagae. It is mentioned several times in the Apocrypha (Judith 1:5, 15; Tobit 1:14, 5:5, 6:10). Its name dates back to the pre-Median. Some historians attribute its building to ancient mythological monarchs, and some others believe that Ray was the seat of a dynasty of Zoroastrian leader.

Rayy is richer than many other ancient cities in the number of its historical monuments, among which one might refer to the 3000-year-old Gebri castle, the 5000-year-old Cheshmeh Ali hill, the 1000-year-old Bibi Shahr Banoo tomb and Shah Abbasi caravansary. It has been home to pillars of science like Rhazes.

After the Mongol conquest the town was severely damaged and it gradually lost its importance in the presence of nearby Tehran.

Rayy contains a famous shrine of a Shia saint Shah-Abdol-Azim, as well as a 12th century tower called Borj e Toghrol.

There is also a shrine there, dedicated to commemorate Princess Shahr Banu, eldest daughter of the last ruler of the Sassanid Empire. She gave birth to Ali Zayn al Abidin, the fourth holy Imam of the Shia faith. This was through her marriage to Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam. A nearby mountain is also named after her. However, some sources attribute the shrine to the goddess of water and fertility, Anahita, claiming it was renamed in Islamic times to protect it from any possible harm after the conversion of Iranians to Islam.

Some remaining prominent attractions

• Cheshmeh Ali Hill:

A hill with a spring. In 1933-6 Cheshmeh Ali hill was excavated by archaeologists from the Boston Fine Arts Museum and the University Museum at the University of Pennsylvania headed by Dr. Erich Schmidt, which resulted in the discovery of 7,000-year-old artifacts. Some of the discovered objects are displayed at museums in Iran, Chicago, and Philadelphia.

The hill, which is now entirely leveled out and most artifacts unrecoverable due to real estate expansion in the 1980s and 1990s, was the home of Aryans about 6,000 years ago. Since Rayy was used as a recreation center due to its beautiful attractions under the reign of the Qajar dynasty, Fath Ali Shah often used to explore the city. In 1831 his portrait and that of some Qajar princes were engraved on a rock at Cheshmeh Ali hill and its surrounding was decorated with tablets covered by poetry.

• Toghrol Tower:

The architectural structure was constructed under the reign of Saljuks at the order of Toghrol in 1140, once he transferred the capital city from Neyshabour to Rayy. The tower is 20 meters high and the surface of its exterior is divided into 24 sections, which besides manifesting beauty and durability, symbolizes the figures of constellation as well as a 24-hour length of time (a day and a night).

• Shah Abbasi Caravansary:

One of the ancient residential and commercial complexes, which was used as a lodging by traders and located on the shrine street, close to the Bazaar. It comprises four verandas and is surrounded by stones all around, which used to serve as a market place where goods and commercial products were presented and sold by traders.

• Rayy Bazaar:

Located to the north of Shah-Abdol-Azim's shrine, which comprises two sections and a crossroad is formed at their intersection. It has long been a center for the sale of spices, traditional herbs, and commercial goods which were imported by traders via the Silk Road. The structure of the bazaar is constructed from plaster, brick, raw mud brick and mud. It dates back to the Safavid era and is approximately 500 years old.

• Anyanaj Tower:

An octagonal tower known as Naqareh Khaneh stands on the slopes of Tabarak mountain. A cellar is linked to the tower from underneath though a vestibule erected outside. The tower, which is constructed by stone and plaster and decorated by brickwork and zigzag vaults, dates back to the Saljuk era.

• Gebri Crypt:

Zoroastrians lived in this area, who used to leave the corpses of the dead in the open air. According to their traditions, once the flesh had decayed, the remaining bones would be buried. The ancient Zoroastrians disapproved of contaminating the body with water, earth, and fire. Gebri crypt was built as a high circular structure, six meters high, which was constructed by stone and mortar. It dates back to the 1st millennium BCE, around 3,000 years ago and was earlier called by different names, such as Khamoushan tower, Ostvaran, Ostkhan-ran, Marg (Death) tower and Sokout (Silence) tower.

• Paintings of Monarchs on Ashkan Mountain:

At the order of Fath Ali Shah Qajar, a slide was erected on the Ashkan mountain as a sliding and recreation tool for the monarchic family. At the southern slopes of the mountain, a rough image of the Sassanid kings has been carved on a rock, which was leveled for this purpose. The image was left incomplete. Later at the order of Fath Ali Shah the image was erased to be replaced by his own portrait, while he had a crown on head and a spear in hand targeted at a lion.

Famous people born in Ray

• Rhazes
• Amin Razi
• Harun al-Rashid
• Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
• Najmeddin Razi (by origin)
• Morteza Avini
• Javad Nekounam

Ray today

Ray today has been absorbed into the Greater Tehran metropolitan city. It is connected via the Tehran Metro to the rest of Tehran and has many industries and factories in operation. Limited excavations of what was not bulldozed were begun in 1997 in collaboration with the Iranian Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organisation (ICHTO), the Department of Archaeological Sciences of the University of Bradford and the Department of Archaeology of the University of Tehran .

See also

• Shah-Abdol-Azim Cemetery
• Behesht-e Zahra
• Ebn-e Babooyeh cemetery

External links

• The Tehran province Cultural Heritage Organization.
• Archeological site of an ancient Fire Temple near Ray.
• Background on the 1934-1936 joint expedition financed by the University Museum at the University of Pennsylvania and the Boston Museum of Fine Arts led by Erich Schmidt

• Ali Spring (Cheshmeh Ali), Ray
• Toqrol Tower, Ray